Evaluation and mitigation of carbon emissions in energy industry

Carbon emissions from energy systems is a significant contributor to climate change. Addressing environmental challenges and achieving sustainable development goals related to climate change requires effective strategies for evaluating and mitigating carbon emissions in the energy sector. Precise evaluation methodologies are crucial in supporting the development of effective emission reduction strategies. However, the substantial increase in energy demand has considerably complicated the structure of energy systems, escalating the challenges associated with assessing carbon emissions in the energy industry. Furthermore, the energy sector must implement diverse approaches and technologies to minimize carbon emissions while ensuring a stable energy supply. This study is dedicated to reviewing innovative methods for analyzing carbon emissions from energy systems, offering support and guidance for carbon reduction initiatives within the energy industry. Unlike traditional studies that assess carbon emissions from the production perspective, this work summarizes innovative methodologies from the consumption side. These methods enable the accurate and rational evaluation of dynamic carbon emissions from energy systems. Additionally, this work reviews strategies for reducing carbon emissions from the energy sector from both technical and economic perspectives, emphasizing the application of carbon emission evaluation methods in both domains. Finally, research directions with great potential for carbon emission reduction in the energy sector are revealed.