TY - JOUR
T1 - Engineered/designer biochar for contaminant removal/immobilization from soil and water: Potential and implication of biochar modification
AU - Rajapaksha, Anushka Upamali
AU - Chen, Season S.
AU - Tsang, Daniel C.W.
AU - Zhang, Ming
AU - Vithanage, Meththika
AU - Mandal, Sanchita
AU - Gao, Bin
AU - Bolan, Nanthi S.
AU - Ok, Yong Sik
PY - 2016/4/1
Y1 - 2016/4/1
N2 - The use of biochar has been suggested as a means of remediating contaminated soil and water. The practical applications of conventional biochar for contaminant immobilization and removal however need further improvements. Hence, recent attention has focused on modification of biochar with novel structures and surface properties in order to improve its remediation efficacy and environmental benefits. Engineered/designer biochars are commonly used terms to indicate application-oriented, outcome-based biochar modification or synthesis. In recent years, biochar modifications involving various methods such as, acid treatment, base treatment, amination, surfactant modification, impregnation of mineral sorbents, steam activation and magnetic modification have been widely studied. This review summarizes and evaluates biochar modification methods, corresponding mechanisms, and their benefits for contaminant management in soil and water. Applicability and performance of modification methods depend on the type of contaminants (i.e., inorganic/organic, anionic/cationic, hydrophilic/hydrophobic, polar/non-polar), environmental conditions, remediation goals, and land use purpose. In general, modification to produce engineered/designer biochar is likely to enhance the sorption capacity of biochar and its potential applications for environmental remediation.
AB - The use of biochar has been suggested as a means of remediating contaminated soil and water. The practical applications of conventional biochar for contaminant immobilization and removal however need further improvements. Hence, recent attention has focused on modification of biochar with novel structures and surface properties in order to improve its remediation efficacy and environmental benefits. Engineered/designer biochars are commonly used terms to indicate application-oriented, outcome-based biochar modification or synthesis. In recent years, biochar modifications involving various methods such as, acid treatment, base treatment, amination, surfactant modification, impregnation of mineral sorbents, steam activation and magnetic modification have been widely studied. This review summarizes and evaluates biochar modification methods, corresponding mechanisms, and their benefits for contaminant management in soil and water. Applicability and performance of modification methods depend on the type of contaminants (i.e., inorganic/organic, anionic/cationic, hydrophilic/hydrophobic, polar/non-polar), environmental conditions, remediation goals, and land use purpose. In general, modification to produce engineered/designer biochar is likely to enhance the sorption capacity of biochar and its potential applications for environmental remediation.
KW - Adsorbent
KW - Black carbon
KW - Charcoal
KW - SMART biochar
KW - Sorption
KW - Surface chemistry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84960323998&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.043
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.043
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26820777
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 148
SP - 276
EP - 291
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
ER -
