Energy Management and Multi-objective Decision-Making Systems for Smart Charging of Zero-Emission Electric Vehicles with Different Charging Speeds

In recent years, the demand for efficient and smart charging energy management systems has become critical due to the increasing sales of electric vehicles and the continuous improvement of related autonomous technologies. Most current EV charging decisions are single objective decisions based on human decisions. Customers decide whether, where, when and how to charge based on the charging price or the need for range. This study proposes a smart charging energy management system that considers multiple objectives to help vehicles and customers make decisions. The system mainly considers four objectives: the busyness of the charging station, the traffic condition of the surrounding road, the charging price, and the time value of the charging to improve the positive impact on the decisions of the parties involved. The study results illustrate, for a year of decision, how the proposed integrated system contributes to increasing the utilisation of charging points, reducing the burden on the roads, choosing less expensive charging options and improving the time value of charging. Integrated smart charging energy management system has great potential to be widely applied in future smart cities and transportation networks, providing a seamless, better charging experience for both non-autonomous and autonomous electric vehicles while achieving multi-objective control.