TY - JOUR
T1 - Energy flexibility quantification of grid-responsive buildings
T2 - Energy flexibility index and assessment of their effectiveness for applications
AU - Tang, Hong
AU - Wang, Shengwei
N1 - Funding Information:
The research presented in this paper is financially supported by a research grant under strategic focus area (SFA) scheme of the research institute of sustainable urban development (RISUD) in The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and a general research grant (152165/20E) of the Hong Kong Research Grant Council (RGC).
Funding Information:
The research presented in this paper is financially supported by a research grant under strategic focus area ( SFA ) scheme of the research institute of sustainable urban development (RISUD) in The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and a general research grant ( 152165/20E ) of the Hong Kong Research Grant Council (RGC).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/4/15
Y1 - 2021/4/15
N2 - The demand side is increasingly expected to provide energy flexibility for power grid economy and reliability. Buildings have various flexibility sources that can be effectively utilized for such purposes. According to different requirements of demand responses to power grid on response duration, response direction and response speed (within seconds, minutes, or even longer timescales), building energy flexibility is categorized as fast regulation, moderate regulation, load shedding, load shifting and load covering. In this paper, a comprehensive method is proposed to quantify building energy flexibility based on these categories. Two sets of flexibility indexes (flexibility capacities and flexibility ratios) for the above five energy flexibilities are proposed. An implementation case study is conducted to illustrate the use of these indexes and to validate the effectiveness of using them in flexibility performance assessment of buildings in particular. The impacts of different system design and control parameters on flexibility performance are also investigated quantitatively. The potential economic benefits of utilizing those energy flexibilities are analyzed in a real electricity market with an optimized use of different flexibility sources. Results show that electricity costs can be reduced by up to 21% if the market is available for such grid-responsive buildings.
AB - The demand side is increasingly expected to provide energy flexibility for power grid economy and reliability. Buildings have various flexibility sources that can be effectively utilized for such purposes. According to different requirements of demand responses to power grid on response duration, response direction and response speed (within seconds, minutes, or even longer timescales), building energy flexibility is categorized as fast regulation, moderate regulation, load shedding, load shifting and load covering. In this paper, a comprehensive method is proposed to quantify building energy flexibility based on these categories. Two sets of flexibility indexes (flexibility capacities and flexibility ratios) for the above five energy flexibilities are proposed. An implementation case study is conducted to illustrate the use of these indexes and to validate the effectiveness of using them in flexibility performance assessment of buildings in particular. The impacts of different system design and control parameters on flexibility performance are also investigated quantitatively. The potential economic benefits of utilizing those energy flexibilities are analyzed in a real electricity market with an optimized use of different flexibility sources. Results show that electricity costs can be reduced by up to 21% if the market is available for such grid-responsive buildings.
KW - Building demand response
KW - Energy-flexible building
KW - Flexibility index
KW - Grid-responsive building
KW - Smart grid
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099403603&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.energy.2021.119756
DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2021.119756
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85099403603
SN - 0360-5442
VL - 221
JO - Energy
JF - Energy
M1 - 119756
ER -