Empirical equations for intrinsic and effective evaporative resistance of multi-layer clothing ensembles

To determine the intrinsic and effective clothing evaporative resistances, both in the individual clothing, and in the multi-layer clothing ensembles meant for the winter season, a fabric sweating thermal manikin Walter was used. Based on the tests performed on the individual garments, two empirical equations were developed for the estimation of these resistances, useful either to clothing manufacturers - to roughly estimate the clothing intrinsic/effective evaporative resistance, or to consumers - to assure them an optimal thermal comfort.