Emerging energy-efficient technologies for hybrid electric vehicles

With ever-increasing oil prices, there is fast growing interest in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) globally. Thus, it is a pressing need for researchers to develop emerging energy-efficient devices for various kinds of HEVs, including the micro hybrids, mild hybrids, and full hybrids. In this paper, three key emerging energy-efficient technologies are identified and discussed: 1) the thermoelectric waste-heat recovery and temperature control systems for all hybrids, especially micro hybrids; 2) the integrated-starter-generator for mild hybrids; and 3) the electronic continuously variable transmission propulsion for full hybrids