Electrical and dielectric properties of polypropylene nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes and barium titanate nanoparticles

Functional polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) as the electrically conductive component and barium titanate (BT) spherical nanoparticles as the ferroelectric component. To make PP electrically conductive, more than 3 wt.% MWNT is required. Surface modification of either MWNT or BT with titanate coupling agent further improves the electrical conductivity of the PP/MWNT/BT ternary nanocomposites. Interestingly, by modifying both MWNT and BT, 2 wt.% MWNT are sufficient to make the ternary nanocomposite electrically conductive. In addition, the incorporation of MWNT greatly increases the dielectric permittivity of PP/BT nanocomposites. However, to retain a low dielectric loss, the MWNT loading should be slightly less than the percolation threshold of the nanocomposites. The improved electrical conductivity and dielectric properties make the ternary nanocomposites attractive in practical applications.