TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of flowing RBCs on adhesion of a circulating tumor cell in microvessels
AU - Xiao, L. L.
AU - Liu, Y.
AU - Chen, S.
AU - Fu, B. M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supports given by HKRGC PolyU 5202/13E, PolyU G-YBG9, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51276130), and NIH SC1 CA153325-01 are gratefully acknowledged.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/4/1
Y1 - 2017/4/1
N2 - Adhesion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to the microvessel wall largely depends on the blood hydrodynamic conditions, one of which is the blood viscosity. Since blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, whose viscosity increases with hematocrit, in the microvessels at low shear rate. In this study, the effects of hematocrit, vessel size, flow rate and red blood cell (RBC) aggregation on adhesion of a CTC in the microvessels were numerically investigated using dissipative particle dynamics. The membrane of cells was represented by a spring-based network connected by elastic springs to characterize its deformation. RBC aggregation was modeled by a Morse potential function based on depletion-mediated assumption, and the adhesion of the CTC to the vessel wall was achieved by the interactions between receptors and ligands at the CTC and those at the endothelial cells forming the vessel wall. The results demonstrated that in the microvessel of 15μm diameter, the CTC has an increasing probability of adhesion with the hematocrit due to a growing wall-directed force, resulting in a larger number of receptor–ligand bonds formed on the cell surface. However, with the increase in microvessel size, an enhanced lift force at higher hematocrit detaches the initial adherent CTC quickly. If the microvessel is comparable to the CTC in diameter, CTC adhesion is independent of Hct. In addition, the velocity of CTC is larger than the average blood flow velocity in smaller microvessels and the relative velocity of CTC decreases with the increase in microvessel size. An increased blood flow resistance in the presence of CTC was also found. Moreover, it was found that the large deformation induced by high flow rate and the presence of aggregation promote the adhesion of CTC.
AB - Adhesion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to the microvessel wall largely depends on the blood hydrodynamic conditions, one of which is the blood viscosity. Since blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, whose viscosity increases with hematocrit, in the microvessels at low shear rate. In this study, the effects of hematocrit, vessel size, flow rate and red blood cell (RBC) aggregation on adhesion of a CTC in the microvessels were numerically investigated using dissipative particle dynamics. The membrane of cells was represented by a spring-based network connected by elastic springs to characterize its deformation. RBC aggregation was modeled by a Morse potential function based on depletion-mediated assumption, and the adhesion of the CTC to the vessel wall was achieved by the interactions between receptors and ligands at the CTC and those at the endothelial cells forming the vessel wall. The results demonstrated that in the microvessel of 15μm diameter, the CTC has an increasing probability of adhesion with the hematocrit due to a growing wall-directed force, resulting in a larger number of receptor–ligand bonds formed on the cell surface. However, with the increase in microvessel size, an enhanced lift force at higher hematocrit detaches the initial adherent CTC quickly. If the microvessel is comparable to the CTC in diameter, CTC adhesion is independent of Hct. In addition, the velocity of CTC is larger than the average blood flow velocity in smaller microvessels and the relative velocity of CTC decreases with the increase in microvessel size. An increased blood flow resistance in the presence of CTC was also found. Moreover, it was found that the large deformation induced by high flow rate and the presence of aggregation promote the adhesion of CTC.
KW - Adhesion
KW - Aggregation
KW - Circulating tumor cell
KW - Dissipative particle dynamics
KW - Red blood cell
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84991080587&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10237-016-0839-5
DO - 10.1007/s10237-016-0839-5
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 27738841
AN - SCOPUS:84991080587
VL - 16
SP - 597
EP - 610
JO - Biotechnology
JF - Biotechnology
SN - 1682-296X
IS - 2
ER -