Domain Adaptive Robotic Gesture Recognition with Unsupervised Kinematic-Visual Data Alignment

Automated surgical gesture recognition is of great importance in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery. However, existing methods assume that training and testing data are from the same domain, which suffers from severe performance degradation when a domain gap exists, such as the simulator and real robot. In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised domain adaptation framework which can simultaneously transfer multi-modality knowledge, i.e., both kinematic and visual data, from simulator to real robot. It remedies the domain gap with enhanced transferable features by using temporal cues in videos, and inherent correlations in multi-modal towards recognizing gesture. Specifically, we first propose a Motion Direction Oriented Kinematics feature alignment (MDO-K) to align kinematics, which exploits temporal continuity to transfer motion directions with smaller gap rather than position values, relieving the adaptation burden. Moreover, we propose a Kinematic and Visual Relation Attention (KV-Relation-ATT) to transfer the co-occurrence signals of kinematics and vision. Such features attended by correlation similarity are more informative for enhancing domain-irreverent of the model. Two feature alignment strategies benefit the model mutually during the end-to-end learning process. We extensively evaluate our method for gesture recognition using DESK dataset with peg transfer procedure. Results show that our approach recovers the performance with great improvement gains, up to 12.91% in Accuracy and 20.16% in F1score without using any annotations in real robot.