TY - JOUR
T1 - Distribution, behaviour, bioavailability and remediation of poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in solid biowastes and biowaste-treated soil
AU - Bolan, Nanthi
AU - Sarkar, Binoy
AU - Vithanage, Meththika
AU - Singh, Gurwinder
AU - Tsang, Daniel C.W.
AU - Mukhopadhyay, Raj
AU - Ramadass, Kavitha
AU - Vinu, Ajayan
AU - Sun, Yuqing
AU - Ramanayaka, Sammani
AU - Hoang, Son A.
AU - Yan, Yubo
AU - Li, Yang
AU - Rinklebe, Jörg
AU - Li, Hui
AU - Kirkham, M. B.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge support from the Open Access Publication Fund of the University of Wuppertal.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Aqueous film-forming foam, used in firefighting, and biowastes, including biosolids, animal and poultry manures, and composts, provide a major source of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) input to soil. Large amounts of biowastes are added to soil as a source of nutrients and carbon. They also are added as soil amendments to improve soil health and crop productivity. Plant uptake of PFAS through soil application of biowastes is a pathway for animal and human exposure to PFAS. The complexity of PFAS mixtures, and their chemical and thermal stability, make remediation of PFAS in both solid and aqueous matrices challenging. Remediation of PFAS in biowastes, as well as soils treated with these biowastes, can be achieved through preventing and decreasing the concentration of PFAS in biowaste sources (i.e., prevention through source control), mobilization of PFAS in contaminated soil and subsequent removal through leaching (i.e., soil washing) and plant uptake (i.e., phytoremediation), sorption of PFAS, thereby decreasing their mobility and bioavailability (i.e., immobilization), and complete removal through thermal and chemical oxidation (i.e., destruction). In this review, the distribution, bioavailability, and remediation of PFAS in soil receiving solid biowastes, which include biosolids, composts, and manure, are presented.
AB - Aqueous film-forming foam, used in firefighting, and biowastes, including biosolids, animal and poultry manures, and composts, provide a major source of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) input to soil. Large amounts of biowastes are added to soil as a source of nutrients and carbon. They also are added as soil amendments to improve soil health and crop productivity. Plant uptake of PFAS through soil application of biowastes is a pathway for animal and human exposure to PFAS. The complexity of PFAS mixtures, and their chemical and thermal stability, make remediation of PFAS in both solid and aqueous matrices challenging. Remediation of PFAS in biowastes, as well as soils treated with these biowastes, can be achieved through preventing and decreasing the concentration of PFAS in biowaste sources (i.e., prevention through source control), mobilization of PFAS in contaminated soil and subsequent removal through leaching (i.e., soil washing) and plant uptake (i.e., phytoremediation), sorption of PFAS, thereby decreasing their mobility and bioavailability (i.e., immobilization), and complete removal through thermal and chemical oxidation (i.e., destruction). In this review, the distribution, bioavailability, and remediation of PFAS in soil receiving solid biowastes, which include biosolids, composts, and manure, are presented.
KW - Aqueous firefighting foam
KW - Biosolids
KW - Biowastes
KW - Compost
KW - Manure
KW - Soil remediation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105264233&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106600
DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106600
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85105264233
SN - 0160-4120
VL - 155
JO - Environment international
JF - Environment international
M1 - 106600
ER -