Diamond-Structured Fabric-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting and Healthcare Application

Wearable technology is experiencing remarkable progress, prompting the need for sustainable power sources like triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, integrating TENGs into fabrics and insufficient power outputs that allows for comfortable wear without obstructing user's movements presents a significant challenge. In this study, a novel kind of diamond-structured fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerators (DSF-TENGs) is introduced utilizing an easy, economical, and scalable weaving method without any chemical modification. Owing to its 3D diamond pattern, surface interactions are enhanced for greater charge generation together with strengthened mechanical engagement for more effective charge transfer. The DSF-TENG, with its unique self-resilient structure, achieves impressive electric performance, including output voltage of ≈763 V, short-circuit current of ≈20.4 µA, and power density of 2862.78 mW m⁻², which is multiple times higher than most existing fabric-based TENGs. It also offers excellent air permeability of 560 mm s⁻¹, consistent electricity generation and sensing even after ten washing cycles, and incredible durability, withstanding over 30 000 cycles. Furthermore, DSF-TENG is included in an insole that is capable of sensing gait patterns, walking speed, and fall detections of patients with Parkinson's disease. The remarkable power generation capabilities of DSF-TENG indicate a strong potential for future developments in wearable electronics and healthcare applications.