Determinants influencing the accessibility and use of urban green spaces: A review of empirical evidence

The accessibility and utilization of Urban Green Spaces (UGSs) play a crucial role in enhancing the health benefits and overall quality of life for urban residents. However, it is evident that not just a single factor, but rather a multitude of factors, influence the accessibility and use of UGSs. Consequently, this study aims to systematically review the determinants of accessibility and use of UGSs, highlighting their complex interrelations through a socio-ecological framework. By conducting a literature review across two major databases, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS), a total of 163 articles published between 1988 and January 31, 2024, were included in this study. The analysis provides an overview of the reviewed studies, focusing on aspects such as publication year, geographical distribution, research designs, classifications of UGSs, sampling techniques, sample populations, and assessment measures. Furthermore, it identifies key determinants affecting individuals’ accessibility and use of UGSs, including personal/individual, socio-cultural, physical/environmental, institutional, transport, and psychological factors. Based on these findings, a conceptual framework is proposed to better understand the dynamics of UGS accessibility and use. This framework is designed to aid planners and designers in improving and equalizing the distribution of UGSs to meet the diverse needs of the community comprehensively and serves as a foundational guide for future research.