Design and Performance of Organic Flow Batteries

Flow battery has been regarded as a promising technology for renewable energy conversion and storage on a large scale as a result of its intrinsically decoupled power output and energy storage capacity. Among its various types, organic flow battery, which employs naturally abundant organic molecules as its redox-active species, is considered as the suitable option toward achieving high performance, enhanced energy density, and reduced costs. In recent years, diverse organic materials and solvents have been employed in flow battery technology. Following this, significant research progress and development have been attained regarding the design and performance of organic flow batteries. To provide a comprehensive understanding, this chapter explores the state-of-the-art and prospects of organic flow batteries. The key design components of organic flow batteries and their functional requirements, which distinguish them from conventional flow batteries, are summarized. The principle of design and performance analysis of different classifications of organic flow battery are discussed. The modeling approaches and numerical studies for design and performance enhancement of organic flow batteries are also presented. Finally, the pressing challenges and future directions to ensure continuous design, performance, and commercialization improvement of organic flow batteries for electrochemical energy storage are highlighted.