TY - JOUR
T1 - Defect engineering in polymeric carbon nitride photocatalyst
T2 - Synthesis, properties and characterizations
AU - Jiang, Longbo
AU - Yang, Jinjuan
AU - Yuan, Xingzhong
AU - Guo, Jiayin
AU - Liang, Jie
AU - Tang, Wangwang
AU - Chen, Yaoning
AU - Li, Xiaodong
AU - Wang, Hou
AU - Chu, Wei
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 72088101 , No. 21776066 , No. 51739004 ), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities ( 531118010394 ), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China ( 2020JJ5063 ), and the Hong Kong Scholars Programme ( XJ2020049 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Polymer carbon nitride (CN) has unique structure and electronic properties, making it attractive in photocatalysis fields. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of the pristine CN photocatalyst is still unsatisfactory. In this regard, the introduction of vacancy defects can effectively tune photoelectric properties of CN photocatalyst through tailoring the electronic structure and bandgap engineering. In this review, the effect of vacancy defects on CN is reviewed from the aspects of light absorption, charge separation and surface photoreactivity of CN. Meanwhile, the current progress in the design of vacancy defects with the classified carbon vacancies (CVs), nitrogen vacancies (NVs), amino and cyano groups on CN to boost the photocatalytic performance is summarized. Furthermore, various characterization methods have been summarized and highlighted, including microscopic characterization (SEM, TEM, AFM, HAADF-STEM), spectroscopic characterization (XRD, FTIR, XAFS, XANES, EPR, PAS, XPS, raman spectroscopy, solid-state NMR spectroscopy), elemental analysis, and computational characterization. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges of CN photocatalysts designed with vacancies and defects are proposed to highlight the development direction of this research field.
AB - Polymer carbon nitride (CN) has unique structure and electronic properties, making it attractive in photocatalysis fields. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of the pristine CN photocatalyst is still unsatisfactory. In this regard, the introduction of vacancy defects can effectively tune photoelectric properties of CN photocatalyst through tailoring the electronic structure and bandgap engineering. In this review, the effect of vacancy defects on CN is reviewed from the aspects of light absorption, charge separation and surface photoreactivity of CN. Meanwhile, the current progress in the design of vacancy defects with the classified carbon vacancies (CVs), nitrogen vacancies (NVs), amino and cyano groups on CN to boost the photocatalytic performance is summarized. Furthermore, various characterization methods have been summarized and highlighted, including microscopic characterization (SEM, TEM, AFM, HAADF-STEM), spectroscopic characterization (XRD, FTIR, XAFS, XANES, EPR, PAS, XPS, raman spectroscopy, solid-state NMR spectroscopy), elemental analysis, and computational characterization. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges of CN photocatalysts designed with vacancies and defects are proposed to highlight the development direction of this research field.
KW - Defective
KW - Electronic structure
KW - Photocatalysts
KW - Polymeric carbon nitride
KW - Recognition
KW - Vacancies
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85114883695&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102523
DO - 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102523
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85114883695
SN - 0001-8686
VL - 296
JO - Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
JF - Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
M1 - 102523
ER -