Coupled effects of temperature and suction on the anisotropic elastic shear moduli of unsaturated soil

Elastic shear moduli of soil at various temperatures and suctions are important for analysing the serviceability limit state of energy piles and many other structures. Up to now, however, the coupled effects of temperature and suction on elastic shear modulus and the stiffness anisotropy, have not been well understood. This experimental study investigated the anisotropic elastic shear modulus of a compacted lateritic clay. A temperature and suction-controlled triaxial apparatus equipped with bender element probes and local strain measurements was used. Soil suctions from 0 to 300 kPa, and a temperature range of 5–40^◦C were applied. The results at saturated and unsaturated conditions consistently reveal that the shear modulus is smaller after heating at a given stress and suction. Several mechanisms may contribute to this thermal-induced reduction in shear modulus, such as the heating-induced reduction of interparticle force and air–water surface tension. Moreover, the reduction in shear modulus upon heating depends on the shear plane and the degree of anisotropy changes.