@article{f98149c89a7247d8a8032e56038984d6,
title = "Contributions of Altimetry and Argo to Non-Closure of the Global Mean Sea Level Budget Since 2016",
abstract = "Over 1993–2016, studies have shown that the observed global mean sea level (GMSL) budget is closed within the current data uncertainties. However, non-closure of the budget was recently reported when using Jason-3, Argo and GRACE/GRACE Follow-On data after 2016. This non-closure may result from errors in the data sets used to estimate the GMSL and its components. Here, we investigate possible sources of errors affecting Jason-3 and Argo data. Comparisons of Jason-3 GMSL trends with other altimetry missions show good agreement within 0.4 mm/yr over 2016–present. Besides, the wet tropospheric correction uncertainty from the Jason-3 radiometer contributes to up to 0.2 mm/yr. Therefore, altimetry alone cannot explain the misfit in the GMSL budget observed after 2016. Argo-based salinity products display strong discrepancies since 2016, attributed to instrumental problems and data editing issues. Reassessment of the sea level budget with the thermosteric component provides about 40\% improvement in the budget closure.",
keywords = "Argo, GRACE, GRACE-FO, satellite altimetry, sea level, sea level budget",
author = "Anne Barnoud and Julia Pfeffer and Adrien Gu{\'e}rou and Frery, \{Marie Laure\} and Mathilde Sim{\'e}on and Anny Cazenave and Jianli Chen and William Llovel and Virginie Thierry and Legeais, \{Jean Fran{\c c}ois\} and Micha{\"e}l Ablain",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Shigeki Hosoda (JAMSTEC), Rachel Killick (Met Office) and Melissa Zweng (NOAA) for answering our questions on the use of RT Argo data in their products. We also thank Karina von Schuckmann (Mercator Ocean) for fruitful discussions about the steric sea level, as well as two anonymous reviewers for their comments. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (GRACEFUL Synergy Grant agreement No 855677). This work has been supported by CNES in the framework of the SALP contract, and supported by ESA through the MPC-S3 project. This work was also supported by the French national program LEFE (Les Enveloppes Fluides de l'Environnement) - GMMC (Groupe Mission Mercator-Coriolis) by the CRATERE project. J.C. was supported by the NASA GRACE and GRACE Follow-On Projects (under JPL subcontract \# 1478584, and grants 80NSSC20K0820 and 80NSSC19K1719) and NASA Earth Surface and Interior Program (grant NNX17AG96G). Funding Information: We thank Shigeki Hosoda (JAMSTEC), Rachel Killick (Met Office) and Melissa Zweng (NOAA) for answering our questions on the use of RT Argo data in their products. We also thank Karina von Schuckmann (Mercator Ocean) for fruitful discussions about the steric sea level, as well as two anonymous reviewers for their comments. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (GRACEFUL Synergy Grant agreement No 855677). This work has been supported by CNES in the framework of the SALP contract, and supported by ESA through the MPC‐S3 project. This work was also supported by the French national program LEFE (Les Enveloppes Fluides de l'Environnement) ‐ GMMC (Groupe Mission Mercator‐Coriolis) by the CRATERE project. J.C. was supported by the NASA GRACE and GRACE Follow‐On Projects (under JPL subcontract \# 1478584, and grants 80NSSC20K0820 and 80NSSC19K1719) and NASA Earth Surface and Interior Program (grant NNX17AG96G). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1029/2021GL092824",
language = "English",
volume = "48",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",
number = "14",
}