Comparison of vehicle emissions by EMFAC-HK model and tunnel measurement in Hong Kong

Xiaoliang Wang; Lung-Wen Antony Chen; Kin-Fai Ho; Chi Sing Chan; Zhuozhi Zhang; Shuncheng Lee; Judith C. Chow; John G. Watson

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118452

Comparison of vehicle emissions by EMFAC-HK model and tunnel measurement in Hong Kong

Xiaoliang Wang (Corresponding Author), Lung-Wen Antony Chen, Kin-Fai Ho, Chi Sing Chan, Zhuozhi Zhang, Shuncheng Lee, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson

Research output: Journal article publication › Journal article › Academic research › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

On-road vehicular emissions were measured in a Hong Kong roadway tunnel and compared to those from a mobile emission model (EMFAC-HK) for the 2003 and 2015 fleets to assess emission changes and effectiveness of emission controls. EMFAC-HK results compared well with tunnel measurement for the 2015 fleet with differences ≤50% for most pollutants. Both measurement and modeled estimates show that non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and PM2.5 decreased by over 40% from 2003 to 2015. Tunnel measurements also show that nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) -related NMHC emissions increased due to expanded installation of diesel oxidation catalysts and LPG fueling. Motorcycles and LPG-fueled public light buses (3.7% of the fleet) contributed disproportionally high fractions of carbon monoxide (CO; 27%) and NMHC (49%) and deserve additional emission controls. Fuel economy improvements did not result in expected carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reductions, indicating that more aggressive CO2 reductions, particularly from heavy-duty vehicles, are needed.

Original language	English
Article number	118452
Journal	Atmospheric Environment
Volume	256
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118452
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2021

Keywords

Air pollution
EMFAC-HK
Emission factors
Emission model
Tunnel study
Vehicle emissions

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Environmental Science
Atmospheric Science

More information

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118452

http://hdl.handle.net/10397/97398

Cite this

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title = "Comparison of vehicle emissions by EMFAC-HK model and tunnel measurement in Hong Kong",

abstract = "On-road vehicular emissions were measured in a Hong Kong roadway tunnel and compared to those from a mobile emission model (EMFAC-HK) for the 2003 and 2015 fleets to assess emission changes and effectiveness of emission controls. EMFAC-HK results compared well with tunnel measurement for the 2015 fleet with differences ≤50% for most pollutants. Both measurement and modeled estimates show that non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and PM2.5 decreased by over 40% from 2003 to 2015. Tunnel measurements also show that nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) -related NMHC emissions increased due to expanded installation of diesel oxidation catalysts and LPG fueling. Motorcycles and LPG-fueled public light buses (3.7% of the fleet) contributed disproportionally high fractions of carbon monoxide (CO; 27%) and NMHC (49%) and deserve additional emission controls. Fuel economy improvements did not result in expected carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reductions, indicating that more aggressive CO2 reductions, particularly from heavy-duty vehicles, are needed.",

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note = "Funding Information: This work was jointly supported by the Health Effects Institute (HEI; Grant 4947-RFPA14-1/15-1 ); the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Government (Project No. T24/504/17 ); and the National Key Research and Development Program of China ( 2016YFA0203000 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd",

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AU - Lee, Shuncheng

AU - Chow, Judith C.

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N2 - On-road vehicular emissions were measured in a Hong Kong roadway tunnel and compared to those from a mobile emission model (EMFAC-HK) for the 2003 and 2015 fleets to assess emission changes and effectiveness of emission controls. EMFAC-HK results compared well with tunnel measurement for the 2015 fleet with differences ≤50% for most pollutants. Both measurement and modeled estimates show that non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and PM2.5 decreased by over 40% from 2003 to 2015. Tunnel measurements also show that nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) -related NMHC emissions increased due to expanded installation of diesel oxidation catalysts and LPG fueling. Motorcycles and LPG-fueled public light buses (3.7% of the fleet) contributed disproportionally high fractions of carbon monoxide (CO; 27%) and NMHC (49%) and deserve additional emission controls. Fuel economy improvements did not result in expected carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reductions, indicating that more aggressive CO2 reductions, particularly from heavy-duty vehicles, are needed.

AB - On-road vehicular emissions were measured in a Hong Kong roadway tunnel and compared to those from a mobile emission model (EMFAC-HK) for the 2003 and 2015 fleets to assess emission changes and effectiveness of emission controls. EMFAC-HK results compared well with tunnel measurement for the 2015 fleet with differences ≤50% for most pollutants. Both measurement and modeled estimates show that non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and PM2.5 decreased by over 40% from 2003 to 2015. Tunnel measurements also show that nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) -related NMHC emissions increased due to expanded installation of diesel oxidation catalysts and LPG fueling. Motorcycles and LPG-fueled public light buses (3.7% of the fleet) contributed disproportionally high fractions of carbon monoxide (CO; 27%) and NMHC (49%) and deserve additional emission controls. Fuel economy improvements did not result in expected carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reductions, indicating that more aggressive CO2 reductions, particularly from heavy-duty vehicles, are needed.

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Comparison of vehicle emissions by EMFAC-HK model and tunnel measurement in Hong Kong

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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