@article{cb88691c382d4e7f86e9109737d624a4,
title = "Comparing the space-time patterns of high-risk areas in different waves of COVID-19 in Hong Kong",
abstract = "This study compares the space-time patterns and characteristics of high-risk areas of COVID-19 transmission in Hong Kong between January 23 and April 14 (the first and second waves) and between July 6 and August 29 (the third wave). Using space-time scan statistics and the contact tracing data of individual confirmed cases, we detect the clusters of residences of, and places visited by, both imported and local cases. We also identify the built-environment and demographic characteristics of the high-risk areas during different waves of COVID-19. We find considerable differences in the space-time patterns and characteristics of high-risk residential areas between waves. However, venues and buildings visited by the confirmed cases in different waves have similar characteristics. The results can inform policymakers to target mitigation measures in high-risk areas and at vulnerable groups, and provide guidance to the public to avoid visiting and conducting activities at high-risk places.",
author = "Zihan Kan and Mei-Po Kwan and Jianwei Huang and Wong, {Man Sing} and Dong Liu",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Zihan Kan was supported by an RGC Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (PDFS2021-4S08). Mei-Po Kwan was supported by grants from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (General Research Fund Grant no. 14605920; Collaborative Research Fund Grant no. C4023-20GF) and a grant from the Research Committee on Research Sustainability of Major Research Grants Council Funding Schemes of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Man Sing Wong thanks the funding support of a grant from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (General Research Fund Grant no. 15602619) and the Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development (Grant no. 1-BBWD) of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Dong Liu was supported by a Marion G. Russell Graduate Fellowship from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Funding Information: The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Zihan Kan was supported by an RGC Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (PDFS2021‐4S08). Mei‐Po Kwan was supported by grants from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (General Research Fund Grant no. 14605920; Collaborative Research Fund Grant no. C4023‐20GF) and a grant from the Research Committee on Research Sustainability of Major Research Grants Council Funding Schemes of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Man Sing Wong thanks the funding support of a grant from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (General Research Fund Grant no. 15602619) and the Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development (Grant no. 1‐BBWD) of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Dong Liu was supported by a Marion G. Russell Graduate Fellowship from the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. Transactions in GIS published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",
year = "2021",
month = jul,
day = "12",
doi = "10.1111/tgis.12800",
language = "English",
journal = "Transactions in GIS",
issn = "1467-9671",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",
}