Abstract
Combinatorial atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) is used to deposit anatase TiO2with a graded level of F-doping between 1.10 ≤ F:Ti (at%) ≤ 2.57 from the reaction of titanium tetrachloride, ethyl acetate and trifluoroacetic acid at 500°C on glass. The photocatalytic activity and electrical resistivity of 200 allotted positions across a grid are screened using high-throughput techniques. A blue region of film is singled out for containing the lowest electrical resistivities of any previously reported doped or undoped TiO2-based system formed by APCVD (ρ ≈ 0.22-0.45 Ω cm, n = 0.8-1.2 × 1018cm-3, μ = 18-33 cm2V-1s-1). The blue region contains a lower fluorine doping level (F:Ti ≈ 1.1-1.6%, Ebg≈ 3.06 eV) than its neighboring colorless region (F:Ti ≈ 2.3-2.6%, Ebg≈ 3.15-3.21 eV, ρ ≈ 0.61-1.3 Ω cm). State-of-the-art hybrid density functional theory calculations were employed to elucidate the nature of the different doping behaviors. Two distinct fluorine doping environments were present. At low concentrations, F substituting for O (FO) dominates, forming blue F:TiO2. At high concentrations, negatively charged fluorine interstitials (Fi-1) begin to dominate, forming transparent F:TiO2. Anatase TiO2with a graded level of F-dopant is grown by combinatorial atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (cAPCVD). The functional properties of 200 positions across the film are rapidly screened. A blue region is singled out for containing the lowest electrical resistivities of any previously reported TiO2-based system grown by APCVD. KGaA, Weinheim.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1758-1771 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Advanced Functional Materials |
Volume | 24 |
Issue number | 12 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 26 Mar 2014 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- density functional theory
- photocatalysis
- transparent conductive oxides
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Biomaterials
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Electrochemistry