Charge Transfer and Ion Occupation Induced Ultra-Durable and All-Weather Energy Generation from Ambient Air for Over 200 Days

The notion of spontaneous and persistent energy generation from omnipresent atmospheric moisture presents an alluring prospect in the realm of next-generation energy sources. Here, an ultra-durable and all-weather energy generator (UAEG) predicated on interface-induced proton migration derived from enhanced proton dissociation by charge transfer and ion occupation is reported, which reduces the diffusion barrier of protons in chromatogram-like mass transfer by avoiding the rebinding of dissociated protons with charged polyelectrolyte chains, thus leading to efficient and continuous proton migration through heterogeneously hygroscopic interface and delivering ultra-durable direct-current output. Deep insight into underlying mechanisms is demonstrated by theoretical calculations and in situ investigations toward molecular interactions and charge distribution. A UAEG unit with 4 cm² in size can generate an impressive electric output (0.88 V and 37.58 µA) across extensive relative humidity (10–90%) and ambient temperature (−30–50 ˚C), capable of generating energy in all-weather conditions (e.g., sunny, cloudy, overcast, and rainy) regardless of day and night. Importantly, it is the first time that a commercial electronic is continuously driven for over 200 days in all-weather conditions just depending on ambient moisture. This work provides a novel perspective for the development of ultra-durable and all-weather moisture-enabled energy generators.