Cell-derived extracellular matrix-loaded gelatin electrospun nanofibrous hydrogel for trauma repair: Fabrication and biomedical application

Severe skin damage, such as trauma and burns, is a major challenge in the field of wound healing biomaterials research. In this work, a Gel/ECM nanofibrous membrane was developed through electrospinning; structurally, it mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) involved in skin regeneration. Its mechanical properties and biological functionality are ensured by selecting the optimal Gel/ECM ratio of 4:1. Gel/ECM membrane with this ratio exhibits appropriate degradability, and has a hydrophilic surface more conducive to cell adhesion and tissue remodeling. Biocompatibility tests show that the material is cell-friendly and promotes the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts. In vivo rat full-thickness wound experiments showed more rapid wound closure than the control, with enhanced neovascularization and reduced scarring. Further, histological analysis showed modulation of the macrophage response by Gel/ECM 4:1 and supported collagen remodeling, hence promoting effective new tissue formation for wound repair. The Gel/ECM nanofibrous membrane provides a strong, active support structure without cells, solving problems that regular dressings often have. This work highlights the potential of ECM-functionalized electrospun membranes as an advanced wound dressing material.