Cation-Disordered Rock-Salt Lithium Titanium Oxyfluoride Anode Enabling High-Rate Li-Ion Storage Through a 3D Percolation Network

Jing Gao; Minghao Hua; Junze Lu; Yuying Qin; Shuxian Zhang; Qingyu Li; Lidong Yang; Chengxiang Wang; Xiaohang Lin; Yuanwei Sun; Longwei Yin; Rutao Wang

doi:10.1007/s40820-026-02123-w

Cation-Disordered Rock-Salt Lithium Titanium Oxyfluoride Anode Enabling High-Rate Li-Ion Storage Through a 3D Percolation Network

Jing Gao
, Minghao Hua
, Junze Lu
, Yuying Qin
, Shuxian Zhang
, Qingyu Li
, Lidong Yang
, Chengxiang Wang
, Xiaohang Lin (Corresponding Author)
, Yuanwei Sun (Corresponding Author)
, Longwei Yin (Corresponding Author)
, Rutao Wang (Corresponding Author)

Research output: Journal article publication › Journal article › Academic research › peer-review

Abstract

A novel low-potential cation-disordered rock-salt lithium titanium oxyfluoride (DRX-Li_xTiOF₂) anode synthesized via electrochemically induced transformation enables pseudocapacitive Li⁺ storage extending down to 0.1 V vs. Li⁺/Li and delivers a high reversible capacity of ~ 310 mAh g⁻¹ and an ultrahigh rate capability exceeding 64.4 C. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the pseudocapacitive characteristics of DRX-Li_xTiOF₂ anode originate from a three-dimensional percolation network that facilitates fast Li⁺ migration with low energy barriers, enabled by a cation/anion-disordered structure arising from the mixed occupancy of Li/Ti cations and O/F anions. The lithium-ion capacitor assembled with this DRX-Li_xTiOF₂ anode and an activated carbon cathode exhibits exceptional performance: a 4.0 V operating voltage, a high energy density of 197.9 Wh kg⁻¹ and an ultrahigh power density of 50,000 W kg⁻¹.

Original language	English
Article number	277
Number of pages	18
Journal	Nano-Micro Letters
Volume	18
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02123-w
Publication status	Published - Dec 2026

Keywords

Anode materials
Disordered rock-salt materials
Lithium-ion capacitors
Pseudocapacitance
Three-dimensional Li percolation network

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.1007/s40820-026-02123-w

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@article{63334036775848edb3c686617875a99b,

title = "Cation-Disordered Rock-Salt Lithium Titanium Oxyfluoride Anode Enabling High-Rate Li-Ion Storage Through a 3D Percolation Network",

abstract = "A novel low-potential cation-disordered rock-salt lithium titanium oxyfluoride (DRX-LixTiOF2) anode synthesized via electrochemically induced transformation enables pseudocapacitive Li+ storage extending down to 0.1 V vs. Li+/Li and delivers a high reversible capacity of \textasciitilde{} 310 mAh g−1 and an ultrahigh rate capability exceeding 64.4 C. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the pseudocapacitive characteristics of DRX-LixTiOF2 anode originate from a three-dimensional percolation network that facilitates fast Li+ migration with low energy barriers, enabled by a cation/anion-disordered structure arising from the mixed occupancy of Li/Ti cations and O/F anions. The lithium-ion capacitor assembled with this DRX-LixTiOF2 anode and an activated carbon cathode exhibits exceptional performance: a 4.0 V operating voltage, a high energy density of 197.9 Wh kg−1 and an ultrahigh power density of 50,000 W kg−1.",

keywords = "Anode materials, Disordered rock-salt materials, Lithium-ion capacitors, Pseudocapacitance, Three-dimensional Li percolation network",

author = "Jing Gao and Minghao Hua and Junze Lu and Yuying Qin and Shuxian Zhang and Qingyu Li and Lidong Yang and Chengxiang Wang and Xiaohang Lin and Yuanwei Sun and Longwei Yin and Rutao Wang",

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year = "2026",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1007/s40820-026-02123-w",

language = "English",

volume = "18",

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T1 - Cation-Disordered Rock-Salt Lithium Titanium Oxyfluoride Anode Enabling High-Rate Li-Ion Storage Through a 3D Percolation Network

AU - Gao, Jing

AU - Hua, Minghao

AU - Lu, Junze

AU - Qin, Yuying

AU - Zhang, Shuxian

AU - Li, Qingyu

AU - Yang, Lidong

AU - Wang, Chengxiang

AU - Lin, Xiaohang

AU - Sun, Yuanwei

AU - Yin, Longwei

AU - Wang, Rutao

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2026.

PY - 2026/12

Y1 - 2026/12

N2 - A novel low-potential cation-disordered rock-salt lithium titanium oxyfluoride (DRX-LixTiOF2) anode synthesized via electrochemically induced transformation enables pseudocapacitive Li+ storage extending down to 0.1 V vs. Li+/Li and delivers a high reversible capacity of ~ 310 mAh g−1 and an ultrahigh rate capability exceeding 64.4 C. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the pseudocapacitive characteristics of DRX-LixTiOF2 anode originate from a three-dimensional percolation network that facilitates fast Li+ migration with low energy barriers, enabled by a cation/anion-disordered structure arising from the mixed occupancy of Li/Ti cations and O/F anions. The lithium-ion capacitor assembled with this DRX-LixTiOF2 anode and an activated carbon cathode exhibits exceptional performance: a 4.0 V operating voltage, a high energy density of 197.9 Wh kg−1 and an ultrahigh power density of 50,000 W kg−1.

AB - A novel low-potential cation-disordered rock-salt lithium titanium oxyfluoride (DRX-LixTiOF2) anode synthesized via electrochemically induced transformation enables pseudocapacitive Li+ storage extending down to 0.1 V vs. Li+/Li and delivers a high reversible capacity of ~ 310 mAh g−1 and an ultrahigh rate capability exceeding 64.4 C. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the pseudocapacitive characteristics of DRX-LixTiOF2 anode originate from a three-dimensional percolation network that facilitates fast Li+ migration with low energy barriers, enabled by a cation/anion-disordered structure arising from the mixed occupancy of Li/Ti cations and O/F anions. The lithium-ion capacitor assembled with this DRX-LixTiOF2 anode and an activated carbon cathode exhibits exceptional performance: a 4.0 V operating voltage, a high energy density of 197.9 Wh kg−1 and an ultrahigh power density of 50,000 W kg−1.

KW - Anode materials

KW - Disordered rock-salt materials

KW - Lithium-ion capacitors

KW - Pseudocapacitance

KW - Three-dimensional Li percolation network

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U2 - 10.1007/s40820-026-02123-w

DO - 10.1007/s40820-026-02123-w

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:105033804318

SN - 2311-6706

VL - 18

JO - Nano-Micro Letters

JF - Nano-Micro Letters

IS - 1

M1 - 277

ER -

Cation-Disordered Rock-Salt Lithium Titanium Oxyfluoride Anode Enabling High-Rate Li-Ion Storage Through a 3D Percolation Network

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Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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