TY - JOUR
T1 - Catalytic valorisation of various paper wastes into levulinic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural, and furfural
T2 - Influence of feedstock properties and ferric chloride
AU - Dutta, Shanta
AU - Zhang, Qiaozhi
AU - Cao, Yang
AU - Wu, Chunfei
AU - Moustakas, Konstantinos
AU - Zhang, Shicheng
AU - Wong, Ka Hing
AU - Tsang, Daniel C.W.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors appreciate the financial support from the Hong Kong International Airport Environmental Fund (Phase 2) and Hong Kong Environment and Conservation Fund (Project 101/2020).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Lignocellulosic paper waste constitutes a major waste stream globally, which should be valorised for chemical production. However, paper properties (e.g., feedstock composition, cellulosic crystallinity, and thermal stability/degradability) vary with raw materials and pulping processes. This study investigated levulinic acid (LA), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and furfural production by H2SO4 and FeCl3 catalysed conversion of nine types of paper wastes in a green solvent system (1:1 γ-valerolactone/water). At 160–180 °C for 1–20 min, ∼23–27 wt% LA yield was achieved from sanitary papers, tracing/parchment paper, and paper food box mainly containing crystalline cellulose, while a lower LA yield (∼10–20 wt%) was obtained from other paper wastes with high contents of ash and lignin. A higher selectivity towards HMF (∼12 mol%) was achieved in the presence of FeCl3. A furfural yield of ∼ 4–7.5 wt% was also obtained from the hemicellulose content. This study elucidates crucial factors and desirable characteristics of paper waste for catalytic valorisation.
AB - Lignocellulosic paper waste constitutes a major waste stream globally, which should be valorised for chemical production. However, paper properties (e.g., feedstock composition, cellulosic crystallinity, and thermal stability/degradability) vary with raw materials and pulping processes. This study investigated levulinic acid (LA), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and furfural production by H2SO4 and FeCl3 catalysed conversion of nine types of paper wastes in a green solvent system (1:1 γ-valerolactone/water). At 160–180 °C for 1–20 min, ∼23–27 wt% LA yield was achieved from sanitary papers, tracing/parchment paper, and paper food box mainly containing crystalline cellulose, while a lower LA yield (∼10–20 wt%) was obtained from other paper wastes with high contents of ash and lignin. A higher selectivity towards HMF (∼12 mol%) was achieved in the presence of FeCl3. A furfural yield of ∼ 4–7.5 wt% was also obtained from the hemicellulose content. This study elucidates crucial factors and desirable characteristics of paper waste for catalytic valorisation.
KW - Circular economy
KW - Green solvent
KW - Lignocellulosic biomass
KW - Platform chemicals
KW - Sustainable biorefinery
KW - Waste management/recycling
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131093389&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127376
DO - 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127376
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 35623603
AN - SCOPUS:85131093389
SN - 0960-8524
VL - 357
JO - Bioresource Technology
JF - Bioresource Technology
M1 - 127376
ER -
