Broadening narratives of tourist stereotypes: How perceived cultural distance influences host–tourist interaction valence and intensity

Cultural distance significantly influences tourist stereotypes, which in turn shape host–tourist interactions. However, the intricate mediation effect of stereotypes has not been thoroughly examined. This study takes an explanatory mixed-methods approach to explore the relationships among perceived cultural distance, tourist stereotypes, self-categorization, and host–tourist interactions. Qualitative interviews conducted with Hong Kong residents serve to refine the stereotypes and interaction measurements. A quantitative analysis using SEM reveals that perceived cultural distance induces positive and negative stereotypes, and while both fully mediate the effect of such distance on interaction valence, positive stereotypes partially mediate the effect on interaction intensity. The self-categorization of residents significantly moderates the effect of cultural distance on negative stereotypes. This research refines the BIAS map by delineating the dimensions of interaction intensity and valence. The results suggest that policymakers should develop differentiating strategies to optimize both interaction valence and intensity, and thus foster a welcoming environment that strengthens host–tourist connections.