Behaviour and design of gusset plates in steel structures: A state-of-the-art review

Gusset plates are key connection components in steel truss and braced frame structures. To provide a comprehensive insight into the behaviour and design of these components, this paper thoroughly reviews the research studies and design methods of steel gusset plates subjected to various loading conditions. A particular focus is placed on the design of steel gusset plates under tension and compression, including the well-known Whitmore method, block shear and buckling design approaches. Representative design methods are reviewed and evaluated based on available test data. It is concluded that a proper block shear method in conjunction with a proper net section tension check can accurately predict the tension capacity of steel gusset plates. In comparison, the design for compression capacity is subjected to a much greater uncertainty due to the complexity of the compressive behaviour that is largely affected by the boundary condition, plate action and post-buckling effect. Further discussions are made on the frame action, as well as the stiffening and seismic detailing strategies of steel gusset plates. Finally, future research needs are identified in the field of gusset plate research.