TY - JOUR
T1 - Bacterial internalization, localization, and effectors shape the epithelial immune response during Shigella flexneri infection
AU - Lippmann, Juliane
AU - Gwinner, Frederik
AU - Rey, Camille
AU - Tamir, Uyanga
AU - Law, Ka Wai Helen
AU - Schwikowski, Benno
AU - Enninga, Jost
PY - 2015/1/1
Y1 - 2015/1/1
N2 - Intracellular pathogens are differentially sensed by the compartmentalized host immune system. Nevertheless, gene expression studies of infected cells commonly average the immune responses, neglecting the precise pathogen localization. To overcome this limitation, we dissected the transcriptional immune response to Shigella flexneri across different infection stages in bulk and single cells. This identified six distinct transcriptional profiles characterizing the dynamic, multilayered host response in both bystander and infected cells. These profiles were regulated by external and internal danger signals, as well as whether bacteria were membrane bound or cytosolic. We found that bacterial internalization triggers a complex, effector-independent response in bystander cells, possibly to compensate for the undermined host gene expression in infected cells caused by bacterial effectors, particularly OspF. Single-cell analysis revealed an important bacterial strategy to subvert host responses in infected cells, demonstrating that OspF disrupts concomitant gene expression of proinflammatory, apoptosis, and stress pathways within cells. This study points to novel mechanisms through which bacterial internalization, localization, and injected effectors orchestrate immune response transcriptional signatures.
AB - Intracellular pathogens are differentially sensed by the compartmentalized host immune system. Nevertheless, gene expression studies of infected cells commonly average the immune responses, neglecting the precise pathogen localization. To overcome this limitation, we dissected the transcriptional immune response to Shigella flexneri across different infection stages in bulk and single cells. This identified six distinct transcriptional profiles characterizing the dynamic, multilayered host response in both bystander and infected cells. These profiles were regulated by external and internal danger signals, as well as whether bacteria were membrane bound or cytosolic. We found that bacterial internalization triggers a complex, effector-independent response in bystander cells, possibly to compensate for the undermined host gene expression in infected cells caused by bacterial effectors, particularly OspF. Single-cell analysis revealed an important bacterial strategy to subvert host responses in infected cells, demonstrating that OspF disrupts concomitant gene expression of proinflammatory, apoptosis, and stress pathways within cells. This study points to novel mechanisms through which bacterial internalization, localization, and injected effectors orchestrate immune response transcriptional signatures.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84939558037&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1128/IAI.00574-15
DO - 10.1128/IAI.00574-15
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 26123804
SN - 0019-9567
VL - 83
SP - 3624
EP - 3637
JO - Infection and Immunity
JF - Infection and Immunity
IS - 9
ER -