Associations Between Brain Network Connectivity and Cognitive Measures in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Parent Study “Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation on Autism Spectrum Disorder”

This study presents a post hoc analysis of our parent study “Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation on Autism Spectrum Disorder” study which was a double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized controlled trial. In this study, we examined associations between changes in brain network connectivity and cognitive performance in young adolescents (12–17 years) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) following the administration of transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) which is considered non-invasive, evidenced-based brain stimulation for neurodegenerative disorders and neuropsychiatric disorders. Our findings indicate that increased connectivity in specific brain networks is associated with improvements in cognitive measures, suggesting that connectivity changes may underpin cognitive changes observed after six TPS intervention. These results highlight potential neural mechanisms underlying cognitive improvements in ASD, although causality cannot be inferred from these associations. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05408793.