TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of the UV/Chlorine Process in the Disinfection ofPseudomonas aeruginosa
T2 - Efficiency and Mechanism
AU - Wang, Liping
AU - Ye, Chengsong
AU - Guo, Lizheng
AU - Chen, Chunyan
AU - Kong, Xiujuan
AU - Chen, Yaoqing
AU - Shu, Longfei
AU - Wang, Peng
AU - Yu, Xin
AU - Fang, Jingyun
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (21922612, U2005206, 41861144023, and 22076225) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China (20lgjc02 and 20lgpy94).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Chemical Society
PY - 2021/7/6
Y1 - 2021/7/6
N2 - UV irradiation and chlorination have been widely used for water disinfection. However, there are some limitations, such as the risk of generating viable but nonculturable bacteria and bacteria reactivation when using UV irradiation or chlorination alone. This study comprehensively evaluated the feasibility of the UV/chlorine process in drinking water disinfection, andPseudomonas aeruginosawas selected as the target microorganism. The number of culturable cells was effectively reduced by more than 5 orders of magnitude (5-log10) after UV, chlorine, and UV/chlorine treatments. However, intact and VBNC cells were detected at 103to 104cells/mL after UV and chlorine treatments, whereas they were undetectable after UV/chlorine treatment due to the primary contribution of reactive chlorine species (Cl•, Cl2•-, and ClO•). After UV/chlorine treatment, the metabolic activity determined using single cell Raman spectroscopy was much lower than that after UV. The level of toxicoprgene inP. aeruginosadecreased by more than 99% after UV/chlorine treatment. Importantly, bacterial dark reactivation was completely suppressed by UV/chlorine treatment but not UV or chlorination. This study suggests that the UV/chlorine treatment can completely damage bacteria and is promising for pathogen inactivation to overcome the limitations of UV and chlorine treatments alone.
AB - UV irradiation and chlorination have been widely used for water disinfection. However, there are some limitations, such as the risk of generating viable but nonculturable bacteria and bacteria reactivation when using UV irradiation or chlorination alone. This study comprehensively evaluated the feasibility of the UV/chlorine process in drinking water disinfection, andPseudomonas aeruginosawas selected as the target microorganism. The number of culturable cells was effectively reduced by more than 5 orders of magnitude (5-log10) after UV, chlorine, and UV/chlorine treatments. However, intact and VBNC cells were detected at 103to 104cells/mL after UV and chlorine treatments, whereas they were undetectable after UV/chlorine treatment due to the primary contribution of reactive chlorine species (Cl•, Cl2•-, and ClO•). After UV/chlorine treatment, the metabolic activity determined using single cell Raman spectroscopy was much lower than that after UV. The level of toxicoprgene inP. aeruginosadecreased by more than 99% after UV/chlorine treatment. Importantly, bacterial dark reactivation was completely suppressed by UV/chlorine treatment but not UV or chlorination. This study suggests that the UV/chlorine treatment can completely damage bacteria and is promising for pathogen inactivation to overcome the limitations of UV and chlorine treatments alone.
KW - chlorine radicals
KW - disinfection
KW - pathogens
KW - reactivation
KW - the UV/chlorine process
KW - viable but nonculturable cells
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85110242185&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.1c00645
DO - 10.1021/acs.est.1c00645
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 34138551
AN - SCOPUS:85110242185
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 55
SP - 9221
EP - 9230
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
IS - 13
ER -