@article{37e75de828504dc0a0fc57a765d22c66,
title = "Assessing the Positioning Performance Under the Effects of Strong Ionospheric Anomalies With Multi-GNSS in Hong Kong",
abstract = "Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) precise positioning performance will be strongly affected under severe ionospheric anomaly conditions. The combination of multi-GNSS can increase the available observations and improve the geometry of continuously tracked satellites. This paper focuses on assessing the positioning performance with the combination of Global Positioning System (GPS), Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikova Sistema (GLONASS), and BeiDou System (BDS) around the St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm (9–18 March) in 2015 in Hong Kong. The rate of total electron content (TEC) index (ROTI) indicates severe ionospheric anomalies before the superstorm, while it was absent during the main phase of the storm in Hong Kong. Furthermore, strong scintillation events on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and multipath (MP) observables are observed during ionospheric anomalies period. Then the performance of single-point positioning (SPP) and precise point positioning (PPP) with multi-GNSS is shown. The ionospheric scintillation events may reduce pseudorange accuracy but affect SPP performance a little in this study, while the PPP accuracy is vastly decreased due to the subsequent reconvergence caused by frequent cycle slip (CS). Compared to PPP solutions with GPS only, the accuracy is improved significantly with the combination of multi-GNSS.",
keywords = "ionospheric anomaly, multi-GNSS, multipath, precise point positioning, ROTI, single-point positioning",
author = "Yangwei Lu and Zhenjie Wang and Shengyue Ji and Wu Chen",
note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41631073), the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant ZR2016DM15), the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics (Grant LED2018B03), and Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (Project JCYJ20170818104822282). Thanks to the Hong Kong Satellite Positioning Reference Station Network (SatRef) and IGS for providing the data used in this study. We would also like to thank the Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments. The Kp, Dst, and AE indexes for the storm were obtained from World Data Center (WDC, http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp). The solar flare X-ray measurements are available on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/spaceweather.html). The GNSS RINEX data used in this paper are available on the Survey and Mapping Office (SMO) of Lands Department in Hong Kong (https://www.geodetic.gov.hk/en/satref/satref.htm). The open source software GAMP is available at www.ngs.noaa.gov/gps-toolbox/GAMP. Funding Information: This study was supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41631073), the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant ZR2016DM15), the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics (Grant LED2018B03), and Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (Project JCYJ20170818104822282). Thanks to the Hong Kong Satellite Positioning Reference Station Network (SatRef) and IGS for providing the data used in this study. We would also like to thank the Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments. The Kp, Dst, and AE indexes for the storm were obtained from World Data Center (WDC, http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp ). The solar flare X‐ray measurements are available on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/spaceweather.html ). The GNSS RINEX data used in this paper are available on the Survey and Mapping Office (SMO) of Lands Department in Hong Kong ( https://www.geodetic.gov.hk/en/satref/satref.htm ). The open source software GAMP is available at www.ngs.noaa.gov/gps-toolbox/GAMP . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2020",
month = aug,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1029/2019RS007004",
language = "English",
volume = "55",
journal = "Radio Science",
issn = "0048-6604",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "8",
}