@article{af969a0792ca41cea26453f3b201e6ff,
title = "Assessing critical risk factors (CRFs) to sustainable housing: The perspective of a sub-Saharan African country",
abstract = "Ensuring safe, affordable and energy efficient housing facilities to members of the general public by 2030 are prominent objectives delineated within the United Nation's (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, attaining these goals has been negatively influenced by various risk factors. This study explores linear relationships among clusters of these risk factors and the sustainable development goals in the Ghanaian housing market. Specifically, 21 risk factors, established through a comprehensive literature review, were categorized into four main clusters/constructs, namely: 1) political and procurement risks; 2) financial-related risks; 3) design and construction risks and 4) operation and maintenance risks. A questionnaire survey was conducted with respondents mostly in the formal/regulated/controlled sector of the Ghanaian housing market. Partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) on the data revealed causal relationships among constructs of risks that could influence the SDGs. Results revealed that only {\textquoteleft}political and procurement risks{\textquoteright} have a significant impact (t-value of 2.321) on the SDGs. Besides, this risk category has significant impacts on all the other risk categories with the highest impact (t-value of 4.538) on {\textquoteleft}design and construction risks{\textquoteright}. The study contributes to the scientific literature by providing a novel investigation of the influence of risk constructs on the SDGs in housing. The study's findings may be used to influence research informed local policymakers and supranational organizations who seek to develop interventions/policies for reducing the housing crisis in most cities in Ghana and other sub-Saharan African countries.",
keywords = "Affordability, Affordable housing, Critical risks, Ghana, Risks, Sustainable housing",
author = "Adabre, {Michael Atafo} and Chan, {Albert P.C.} and Edwards, {David J.} and Emmanuel Adinyira",
note = "Funding Information: For the sustainable housing construct, the mean scores of all its indicators revealed that respondents regarded the indicators as important, since their mean scores are above the categories of less important (?2) and neutral (?3). The low standard deviations (i.e. SD?<?1.000) for most of the indicators reveal a high level of consistency among the respondents in rating the indicators. The ?corrected item-total correlation? and ?Cronbach's alpha if item deleted? were estimated for only indicators of the sustainable housing construct. These statistics are relevant for assessing the contribution of each indicator to the content validity of the sustainable housing construct [64]. The overall Cronbach's alpha of the CSC is 0.876, which is > the threshold (i.e. 0.700). This further supports the relevance of all the sustainable housing CSC.This paper forms part of a research project entitled ?Affordable Housing Supply: A Comparative Study between Developed and Developing Economies?, from which other deliverables have been produced with different objectives but sharing common background and methodology. The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the Research and Grants Council (RGC) and the Department of Building and Real Estate, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, for their financial support in conducting this study. Funding Information: This paper forms part of a research project entitled “Affordable Housing Supply: A Comparative Study between Developed and Developing Economies”, from which other deliverables have been produced with different objectives but sharing common background and methodology. The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the Research and Grants Council (RGC) and the Department of Building and Real Estate, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University , for their financial support in conducting this study. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2021",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102385",
language = "English",
volume = "41",
journal = "Journal of Building Engineering",
issn = "2352-7102",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
}
