Artificial intelligence in clinical decision making

This chapter provides an overview and fundamental understanding of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical decision making. It starts with a brief introduction of clinical decision making and medical AI, followed by the development of medical AI and its algorithms designed to handle various clinical data. Specifically, radiomics, a common method to develop models from medical images, and the algorithms to integrate diverse clinical data types and improve interpretability of medical AI are introduced. Then, the applications of AI in various clinical scenarios are listed, encompassing diagnosis and disease phenotyping, personalized treatment, as well as treatment outcome and prognosis prediction. In the end, the existing challenges and potential future directions for further developments of medical AI are discussed. Overall, this chapter provides insights into the current state, major applications, and future prospects of AI in clinical decision making.