Animating embedded behavior change support systems in physical environments

Behavior change support systems (BCSS) are computing systems intended to form, alter, or reinforce attitudes or behaviors without using coercion or deception. Grounded in substantial theories and models, there are principles and frameworks for designing and evaluating BCSS in the forms of general information systems. With increasingly prevalent integration of technologies, like sensors, networks, and displays, into physical objects and environments, embedded persuasive systems can motivate people at relevant time and context to perform or change a behavior for personal, social, or environmental wellness. This paper first argues that embedded persuasive systems should show “animated” features (cues) to break habitual routines and create affective sensorimotor experiences of indirect or contingent outcomes to prompt alternative actions. It then proposes a matrix that maps major persuasive design principles with framework of tangible and embodied interaction. The matrix informs design considerations for animating embedded persuasive systems. To illustrate the approach, two design cases are discussed. One is in a public environment, and the other is in a home setting.