Abstract
An 'acoustic vector sensor' (also known as a 'vector hydrophone' in underwater or sea-surface applications) is composed of three orthogonally oriented uni-axial particle-velocity sensors, plus a 'pressure-sensor' (i.e., a microphone or a hydrophone) - all collocated in a point-like spatial geometry. (This collocated setup is versatile for direction finding, because its azimuth-elevation spatial response is independent of frequency.) This paper investigates how the acoustic vector sensor's direction finding accuracy would be degraded by random deviations from its nominal gain response and/or phase response. Each type of deviation is statistically modeled herein as a random variable with a small variance, reasonably so for a well-built acoustic vector sensor. The resulting hybrid Cramér-Rao bound (HCRB) is derived exactly in open form for azimuth-elevation arrival-angle estimation, but also approximated to produce a closed form that is simple enough to yield qualitative observations. This closed-form hybrid Cramér-Rao lower bound's tightness is illustrated by a new estimator developed in this paper.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 6763044 |
Pages (from-to) | 2504-2516 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing |
Volume | 62 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 15 May 2014 |
Keywords
- Acoustic signal processing
- acoustic velocity measurement
- array signal processing
- direction of arrival estimation
- sonar arrays
- sonar signal processing
- underwater acoustic arrays
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Signal Processing
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering