An empirical analysis of barriers to building information modelling (BIM) implementation in construction projects: evidence from the Chinese context

Although building information modelling (BIM) applies widely in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, its systematic implementation in AEC projects still experiences challenges. While most previous studies have investigated general BIM implementation, the present study precisely focuses on the barriers to BIM implementation at the AEC project level and explores their sources in the Chinese project context. Based on a questionnaire survey with 166 valid responses from experienced BIM practitioners as empirical evidence from the Chinese construction context, the data were processed using descriptive statistical analysis, non-parametric analysis and principal component analysis. The results of the descriptive analysis classified 14 critical barriers. The international comparison of the top five barriers indicated that the most critical barriers were similar but ranked differently in different countries. The following principal component analysis revealed six underlying factors for all the barriers, which were experience and capabilities, technical conditions, system inertia, extra input, change of work routines, and implementation risks. The findings of this study may help the practitioners to understand BIM implementation barriers, allocate resources, and prioritize efforts in project practices. This study can also provide implications for BIM deployment and governance in the AEC industry.