TY - JOUR
T1 - An advanced organic cathode for non-aqueous and aqueous calcium-based dual ion batteries
AU - Zhou, Rui
AU - Hou, Zhen
AU - Fan, Ke
AU - Wun, Ching Kit
AU - Liu, Qun
AU - Benedict Lo, Tsz Woon
AU - Huang, Haitao
AU - Zhang, Biao
N1 - Funding Information:
R. Z., Z. H. and K.F. contributed equally to the paper. This work was supported by the General Research Fund (GRF) scheme of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (Project No. 15306422 ) and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (ZE2F, CDBJ). We thank Prof. Mingxue Tang and Ms. Jie Liu for the assistance in NMR test.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2023/6/15
Y1 - 2023/6/15
N2 - The development of calcium batteries remains a grand challenge because of the lack of appropriate cathodes and electrolytes as well as their compatibility with promising anodes. Herein, we probe the electrolyte chemistry for realizing an advanced organic polymer cathode, polytriphenylamine (PTPAn), and demonstrate the potential of building reliable Ca-based dual ion batteries in both organic and aqueous electrolytes. Complementary experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the cathode reaction mechanism lies in the reversible combination/release of anions with C–N bond in PTPAn, leading to a capacity of 88 mAh g−1 with an average voltage of 3.8 V (vs. Ca/Ca2+) at 0.1 A g−1. Coupling with a graphite anode in Ca(TFSI)2/tetraglyme electrolytes, the graphite|PTPAn full cell shows a decent voltage of 2.45 V. It exhibits superior stability of over 2000 cycles with extremely fast kinetics up to 50C rate (1C = 0.1 A g−1). Interestingly, PTPAn is also highly compatible with 6.25 M Ca(TFSI)2/H2O electrolytes, allowing the construction of an all-organic aqueous calcium-based dual ion battery by coupling with a 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-diimide anode. This study demonstrates the potential of building ultra-stable Ca batteries through anion-hosting cathodes coupled with customized electrolyte chemistry.
AB - The development of calcium batteries remains a grand challenge because of the lack of appropriate cathodes and electrolytes as well as their compatibility with promising anodes. Herein, we probe the electrolyte chemistry for realizing an advanced organic polymer cathode, polytriphenylamine (PTPAn), and demonstrate the potential of building reliable Ca-based dual ion batteries in both organic and aqueous electrolytes. Complementary experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the cathode reaction mechanism lies in the reversible combination/release of anions with C–N bond in PTPAn, leading to a capacity of 88 mAh g−1 with an average voltage of 3.8 V (vs. Ca/Ca2+) at 0.1 A g−1. Coupling with a graphite anode in Ca(TFSI)2/tetraglyme electrolytes, the graphite|PTPAn full cell shows a decent voltage of 2.45 V. It exhibits superior stability of over 2000 cycles with extremely fast kinetics up to 50C rate (1C = 0.1 A g−1). Interestingly, PTPAn is also highly compatible with 6.25 M Ca(TFSI)2/H2O electrolytes, allowing the construction of an all-organic aqueous calcium-based dual ion battery by coupling with a 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-diimide anode. This study demonstrates the potential of building ultra-stable Ca batteries through anion-hosting cathodes coupled with customized electrolyte chemistry.
KW - Anion combination/release
KW - Aqueous
KW - Calcium batteries
KW - Cathode
KW - Non-aqueous
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85151266058&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.232995
DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.232995
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85151266058
SN - 0378-7753
VL - 569
JO - Journal of Power Sources
JF - Journal of Power Sources
M1 - 232995
ER -