TY - JOUR
T1 - Advanced electrode materials for nonaqueous calcium rechargeable batteries
AU - Chen, Chunhong
AU - Shi, Fangyi
AU - Xu, Zheng Long
N1 - Funding Information:
The work described in this paper was supported by a grant from the Research Committee of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University under the project code 1-BE3M, 1-W179 and 1-BBXK. Z. L. X acknowledges the invaluable suggestions from Prof. Y. Yao at Huston University in the USA during the manuscript preparation.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Royal Society of Chemistry.
PY - 2021/4/22
Y1 - 2021/4/22
N2 - Calcium (Ca)-based rechargeable batteries (CRBs) have been considered one of the most promising post-lithium ion battery technologies because of the natural abundance of Ca, high volumetric capacity compared to monovalent metal batteries, and the low reduction potential of Ca2+/Ca. Recently, a breakthrough of Ca reversible plating and stripping at the Ca metal anode in carbonate electrolytes has induced the study of Ca rechargeable batteries. This critical review presents the state-of-the-art progress made in exploring potential electrode materials including Ca metal anodes, alternative graphite and alloy-type anodes, and cathode materials undergoing interaction or conversion reactions. Suitable electrolytes are also required to ensure the compatibility of each cell component, which is essential toward high-performance Ca full batteries. The performance assessment and mechanism analysis are further discussed to evaluate the current progress and existing challenges regarding the performance promise and insufficient understanding of the Ca battery technology. To conclude, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms and challenges that need to be addressed to promote the commercialization of CRBs.
AB - Calcium (Ca)-based rechargeable batteries (CRBs) have been considered one of the most promising post-lithium ion battery technologies because of the natural abundance of Ca, high volumetric capacity compared to monovalent metal batteries, and the low reduction potential of Ca2+/Ca. Recently, a breakthrough of Ca reversible plating and stripping at the Ca metal anode in carbonate electrolytes has induced the study of Ca rechargeable batteries. This critical review presents the state-of-the-art progress made in exploring potential electrode materials including Ca metal anodes, alternative graphite and alloy-type anodes, and cathode materials undergoing interaction or conversion reactions. Suitable electrolytes are also required to ensure the compatibility of each cell component, which is essential toward high-performance Ca full batteries. The performance assessment and mechanism analysis are further discussed to evaluate the current progress and existing challenges regarding the performance promise and insufficient understanding of the Ca battery technology. To conclude, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms and challenges that need to be addressed to promote the commercialization of CRBs.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85106617608&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA00757B
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA00757B
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85106617608
SN - 2050-7488
VL - 9
SP - 11908
EP - 11930
JO - Journal of Materials Chemistry A
JF - Journal of Materials Chemistry A
IS - 20
ER -
