A two-dimensional preventive maintenance strategy for items sold with warranty

Conventional preventive maintenance (PM) strategies under two-dimensional (2D) warranties are usually age-based or usage-based, which means that the implementation of PM activities is based solely on item age or usage. In this paper, a new PM strategy, called 2D PM strategy, is proposed for items sold with a 2D warranty. Under this strategy, the item is preventively maintained every K units of age or L units of usage, whichever occurs first. The marginal approach is used to describe the effect of age and usage on item reliability by treating usage as a random function of age. Besides, the effect of PM is characterised by the reduction of virtual age. The objective of this study is to identify the optimal 2D PM strategy under fixed warranty terms so as to minimise the total expected warranty servicing cost from the manufacturer’s perspective. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PM strategy. It is shown that the 2D PM strategy contains the age-based and usage-based strategies as special cases, and outperforms them in terms of warranty servicing cost. Finally, how to implement the proposed PM strategy in practice is discussed with an illustrative case.