TY - JOUR
T1 - A Tale of Single-channel Electroencephalogram
T2 - Devices, Datasets, Signal Processing, Applications, and Future Directions
AU - Li, Yueyang
AU - Zeng, Weiming
AU - Dong, Wenhao
AU - Han, Di
AU - Chen, Lei
AU - Chen, Hongyu
AU - Kang, Zijian
AU - Gong, Shengyu
AU - Yan, Hongjie
AU - Siok, Wai Ting
AU - Wang, Nizhuan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 1963-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2025/4/1
Y1 - 2025/4/1
N2 - Single-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) is a cost-effective, comfortable, and non-invasive method for monitoring brain activity, widely adopted by researchers, consumers, and clinicians. The increasing number and proportion of articles on single-channel EEG underscore its growing potential. This paper provides a comprehensive review of single-channel EEG, focusing on development trends, devices, datasets, signal processing methods, recent applications, and future directions. Definitions of bipolar and unipolar configurations in single-channel EEG are clarified to guide future advancements. Applications mainly span sleep staging, emotion recognition, neurofeedback, educational research, and clinical diagnosis. Additionally, we discuss about the artificial intelligence (AI)-based EEG generation techniques, advancements through the integration of advanced signal processing with AI, innovations in hardware development, and strategies for the integration of wearables enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT), collectively establishing a foundational roadmap for future developments in single-channel EEG systems and their applications.
AB - Single-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) is a cost-effective, comfortable, and non-invasive method for monitoring brain activity, widely adopted by researchers, consumers, and clinicians. The increasing number and proportion of articles on single-channel EEG underscore its growing potential. This paper provides a comprehensive review of single-channel EEG, focusing on development trends, devices, datasets, signal processing methods, recent applications, and future directions. Definitions of bipolar and unipolar configurations in single-channel EEG are clarified to guide future advancements. Applications mainly span sleep staging, emotion recognition, neurofeedback, educational research, and clinical diagnosis. Additionally, we discuss about the artificial intelligence (AI)-based EEG generation techniques, advancements through the integration of advanced signal processing with AI, innovations in hardware development, and strategies for the integration of wearables enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT), collectively establishing a foundational roadmap for future developments in single-channel EEG systems and their applications.
KW - AI
KW - Clinical Applications
KW - Emotion Recognition
KW - IoT
KW - Signal Processing
KW - Single-channel EEG
KW - Sleep Analysis
KW - Wearable Devices
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105001973461&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TIM.2025.3556900
DO - 10.1109/TIM.2025.3556900
M3 - Journal article
SN - 0018-9456
SP - 1
EP - 20
JO - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
JF - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
ER -