A multi-layer finite element formulation for suspended sediment transport in tidal flows

This paper describes the formulation and verification of a newly developed three dimensional sediment transport model for coastal waters. The multi-layer finite element method (Kawahara et al., 1978 and Li and Zhan, 1993) has been adopted to improve the ability for model boundary adaptation with actual coastal geometry which is essential for accurate sediment transport simulations. The incorporation of laboratory determined sediment parametric functions in the model to resolve the sediment transport mechanisms such as the bed deformation, sediment entrainment and deposition, and stratification is also emphasized. The model was applied to compute the suspended sediment conditions for an idealized case as well as a practical application in Hong Kong waters. The strong correlation revealed in the comparisons between the computed and observed results indicates that the present model can serve as an effective tool for sediment transport studies on harbor and port development and management.