@article{1d87d6573d3c4adc90de11110f011494,
title = "A Model for Cross-border Tourism Governance in the Greater Bay Area",
abstract = "With advances in transportation and information technology, territorial and administrative barriers are being overcome to carve out regions for multi-destination tourism. This study on collaboration and governance within the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) highlights the complexities in developing cross-bordr tourism destinations under a multi-level administrative structure that comprises one country, two systems, and three jurisdictions. Given the enormous scale of cross-border flows and collaborations, the complexities of developing cross-border tourism destinations underscore the need for integrated tourism governance to address subregional differences in the GBA. Applying the institutional analysis and development framework, this study identifies the core elements and synergy mechanisms of cross-border tourism collaboration and further investigates evaluative criteria in the post-pandemic era for achieving collective and resilient development. Our findings provide key insights for a variety of stakeholders involved in the planning and marketing of cross-border tourism destinations.",
keywords = "Cross-border region, iad framework, the greater bay area, tourism and regional development, tourism governance",
author = "Jinah Park and Tse, {Wai Tsz} and Sherry Mi and Haiyan Song",
note = "Funding Information: We also identified challenges for GBA tourism collaborations regarding the existence of borders. First, differences in bureaucratic prominence have led to diverging priorities and interests. For instance, while the Commerce and Economic Development Bureau oversees tourism operations in Hong Kong through the Tourism Commission of Hong Kong (TC) and the Hong Kong Tourism Bureau (HKTB), tourism development in Guangdong is planned by the Department of Culture and Tourism of Guangdong Province (DCTG). Differences in administrative arrangements lead to diverging objectives for tourism development (i.e., cultural integration in Guangdong versus economic development and market extension in Hong Kong versus product diversification in Macao). Second, challenges concerning working practices and business environments were also noted. For instance, several interviewees from the tourism industry expressed significant concerns over the diverse cultures, inconsistent policies, and distinct styles of strategic management in collaborations for GBA tourism: {\textquoteleft}Hong Kong{\textquoteright}s system is still very distinct from the system of the mainland (…) For example, land utilization and investment taxation are still new and unfamiliar to us. I believe this applies to Hong Kong{\textquoteright}s and Macao{\textquoteright}s companies too, when entering Shenzhen or other GBA cities. The differences between systems act as challenges for collaboration{\textquoteright} (industrial interviewee, I1). The {\textquoteleft}presence of three governmental systems and three currencies{\textquoteright} (interviewee from education sector, E1) further impedes cross-border collaborations in the GBA. Third, differences in social development were revealed from the interactions between hosts and guests from different parts of the GBA. Such conflicts between the local community and tourists from cities across borders in the GBA hinder attempts at tourism collaboration and integration. This issue was raised by interviewees from Guangdong (E4): {\textquoteleft}there are more touchpoints (in the GBA), such as tourism, work, study, and trade, which increase interactions, whereby such negativity will be spread across the area. Opposing views on host-and-guest-relationships create a complicated issue hindering collaboration.{\textquoteright} The work described in this paper was supported by the Mr and Mrs Chan Chak Fu Endowed Professorship Fund. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.",
year = "2022",
month = feb,
day = "7",
doi = "10.1080/19388160.2022.2036664",
language = "English",
volume = "18",
pages = "1259--1283",
journal = "Journal of China Tourism Research",
issn = "1938-8160",
publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",
number = "6",
}