A latent profile analysis on patient empowerment programme in a Hong Kong primary care setting

Objective This study identified the profiles of subgroups of type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients of the Patient Empowerment Programme (PEP) by different levels of benefits gained in diabetic self-management behaviors, self-efficacy, and health literacy. Methods This study adopted a non-experimental repeated-measures design on T2DM patients who joined PEP, using structured questionnaires. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify patterns of participants’ change on the outcome measures. Results Findings of LPA revealed that participants who were older, unemployed, weaker in diabetic self-management, and having a higher self-perception in personal disease risk were more likely to join the empowerment sessions and gained more benefits from the program. Participants with lower impairment in energy function and lower autonomy in personal health care showed more improvement in the outcomes. Conclusion The study identified significant factors associated with patients’ participation on and benefits gained from a service delivery model integrating health education and patient empowerment in a primary care setting. Practice implication Findings from this study shed light on strategies to improve the PEP design in order to meet the needs of individuals with different health-related profiles.