A joint model of infrastructure planning and smart charging strategies for shared electric vehicles

This paper presents a data-driven joint model designed to simultaneously deploy and operate infrastructure for shared electric vehicles (SEVs). The model takes into account two prevalent smart charging strategies: the Time-of-Use (TOU) tariff and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. We specifically quantify infrastructural demand and simulate the travel and charging behaviors of SEV users, utilizing spatiotemporal and behavioral data extracted from a SEV trajectory dataset. Our findings indicate that the most cost-effective strategy is to deploy slow chargers exclusively at rental stations. For SEV operators, the use of TOU and V2G strategies could potentially reduce charging costs by 17.93% and 34.97% respectively. In the scenarios with V2G applied, the average discharging demand is 2.15 ​kWh per day per SEV, which accounts for 42.02% of the actual average charging demand of SEVs. These findings are anticipated to provide valuable insights for SEV operators and electricity companies in their infrastructure investment decisions and policy formulation.