A framework for coupled hydro-mechanical continuous modelling of gap-graded granular soils subjected to suffusion

In order to study the impact of internal erosion at the scale of an engineering structure, a hydro-mechanical continuous modelling approach considering suffusion is needed. It requires a relevant mechanical model for granular soils considering the (Formula presented.) -dependency ((Formula presented.) fines content) and a hydraulic model for suffusion to control the changes in the fines content. To this purpose, the mechanical models for granular soil, the unified modelling approaches for (Formula presented.) -dependency of granular soils and the hydraulic modelling of suffusion are first reviewed. Then, a hydro-mechanical model considering both suffusion and mechanical loading is developed by combining the three components. For each component of the model, alternative choices are provided. Simulations of laboratory tests as well as an example of a dike-on-foundation problem demonstrated the reliability and applicability of this coupled numerical approach for internal erosion problems.