TY - JOUR
T1 - A facile and sustainable approach for simultaneously flame retarded, UV protective and reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites using fully bio-based complexing couples
AU - Zhou, Yuyang
AU - Tawiah, Benjamin
AU - Noor, Nuruzzaman
AU - Zhang, Zheng
AU - Sun, Jun
AU - Yuen, Richard K.K.
AU - Fei, Bin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/6/15
Y1 - 2021/6/15
N2 - The integration of bio-based functional agents with biopolymers is welcomed as a way of meeting the growing demand for healthy, safety, and sustainability. This study presents a facile and solvent-free fabrication of flame retardant (FR), UV protective, and reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite using two bio-based complexing couples: tannin acid/ferric salt (TAFe) and chitosan/phytic acid (CTSPA). The thermal and burning properties of PLA composites were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, and cone calorimetry. The UV protective and tensile properties were also evaluated. PLA/TAFe and PLA/CTSPA showed earlier mass loss and higher char residue than pristine PLA. CTSPA (3 wt%) enhanced the LOI value of PLA from 19.6% to 30.5%. PLA/CTSPA and PLA/TAFe/CTSPA achieved V-0 ratings in UL-94 test with slight melt dripping. Cone calorimetry demonstrated that 2.5 wt% apiece of TAFe and CTSPA led to obvious reductions in peak heat release rate and total heat release. Interestingly, the combination of TAFe and CTSPA was effective in suppressing CO production. PLA/TAFe had a higher UPF value (50+) and tensile strength than pristine PLA. In conclusion, the sustainable strategy developed in this study represents the concept of fabricating fully bio-based polymer composites via a solvent-free process, which can also be generalized into the eco-design for other multifunctional polymer systems.
AB - The integration of bio-based functional agents with biopolymers is welcomed as a way of meeting the growing demand for healthy, safety, and sustainability. This study presents a facile and solvent-free fabrication of flame retardant (FR), UV protective, and reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite using two bio-based complexing couples: tannin acid/ferric salt (TAFe) and chitosan/phytic acid (CTSPA). The thermal and burning properties of PLA composites were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, and cone calorimetry. The UV protective and tensile properties were also evaluated. PLA/TAFe and PLA/CTSPA showed earlier mass loss and higher char residue than pristine PLA. CTSPA (3 wt%) enhanced the LOI value of PLA from 19.6% to 30.5%. PLA/CTSPA and PLA/TAFe/CTSPA achieved V-0 ratings in UL-94 test with slight melt dripping. Cone calorimetry demonstrated that 2.5 wt% apiece of TAFe and CTSPA led to obvious reductions in peak heat release rate and total heat release. Interestingly, the combination of TAFe and CTSPA was effective in suppressing CO production. PLA/TAFe had a higher UPF value (50+) and tensile strength than pristine PLA. In conclusion, the sustainable strategy developed in this study represents the concept of fabricating fully bio-based polymer composites via a solvent-free process, which can also be generalized into the eco-design for other multifunctional polymer systems.
KW - Bio-based complexing couples
KW - Flame retardant
KW - PLA
KW - Reinforcement
KW - Sustainable composite
KW - UV protection
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103315715&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108833
DO - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108833
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85103315715
SN - 1359-8368
VL - 215
JO - Composites Part B: Engineering
JF - Composites Part B: Engineering
M1 - 108833
ER -