A carbon-aware routing protocol for optimizing carbon emissions in modular construction logistics

Amidst growing concerns over climate change and the pressing need for industries to reduce their carbon emissions, modular construction is a variable solution that applies in the construction industry. In the quest to manage the multiple actors and reduce carbon emissions in Modular Construction Logistics (MCL), our research proposes a Cyber-Physical Internet (CPI) network framework to introduce an integrated solution for multiple actors. Then, to optimize carbon emissions in MCL, we propose a carbon-aware routing protocol for making routing decisions in the proposed framework. The routing algorithm integrates a unique set of criteria, including module weight, travel distance, and carbon emission factors, in life cycle assessment to provide routing decisions with the lowest carbon emissions. The paper presents a detailed implementation of the algorithm, emphasizing its adaptability to the specific challenges of MCL, such as the optimization of transport routes to minimize environmental impact. Through numerical studies, we demonstrate the efficacy and feasibility of the proposed routing algorithm in reducing carbon emissions, thereby contributing significantly to the sustainability goals of the construction industry. Our findings not only highlight the potential for significant environmental benefits but also pave the way for further innovations in logistics management, aligning with global efforts towards carbon neutrality.