3D female breast measurement for ergonomic fashion design: A state-of-the-art review

The three-dimensional (3D) measurement of the female breast plays a vital role in female fashion design, enabling the creation of garments that offer excellent fit, comfort, and aesthetics. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of 3D female breast measurement technologies, with a focus on their applications in fashion design. It examines key components of the measurement pipeline, including data capture via 3D surface imaging and medical imaging, feature extraction through landmarking and segmentation, and the generation of precise 1D and 2D measurements, 3D volume and shape data. Furthermore, the paper explores the use of these measurements in designing ergonomic fashion products such as bras, upper garments, and breast prostheses as well as the usages in customization, sizing, and virtual fitting. Despite advances in breast measurement technologies, challenges remain in enhancing accuracy and practical applications for fashion-related purposes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current methodologies, compares various approaches, and highlights areas where further research is needed to improve accuracy and broaden the practical use of 3D breast measurement in fashion design. These works offer a foundation for researchers to build upon existing knowledge, fostering future innovations in both measurement techniques and their applications.