能量包络和音长对普通话声调感知的影响

本文采用范畴感知的辨认实验和区分实验考察了不同能量包络模式和不同音长对普通话声调感知的影响。实验一设置了三组不同能量包络模式的阴平—上声语音刺激连续统。结果表明，能量包络对声调感知的边界位置、区分正确率和峰度均有影响：首先，当连续统的能量包络固定为阴平能量包络时，声调感知更倾向于阴平；当连续统的能量包络固定为上声能量包络时，声调感知更倾向于上声。其次，从音位区分角度看，当连续统的能量包络从阴平能量包络向上声过渡变化时，声调的范畴化感知程度最高；当连续统的能量包络固定为阴平或上声能量包络时，声调的范畴化感知程度会有所下降。实验二设置了音长为250ms、375ms和500ms的三组阴平—去声语音刺激连续统，结果表明，在这一音长范围内，音长对声调感知的影响非常有限。

The present study focused on the effects of intensity envelope and duration on the categorical perception of Mandarin lexical tones through identification and discrimination tests. The results showed that the intensity envelope significantly influenced the boundary position, discrimination accuracy and peakedness of the categorical perception of Tone 1 and Tone 3, indicating that: (1) the stimulus with the intensity envelope of Tone 1 was inclined to be identified as Tone 1, while the stimulus with the intensity envelope of Tone 3 was inclined to be identified as Tone 3; (2) when the intensity envelope of tone continuum changed transitionally from the intensity envelope of Tone 1 to that of Tone 3, the discrimination performance in categorical perception of tone was best, while the degree of categorization declined in the continua with the intensity envelope of Tone 1 or that of Tone 3. As for duration, however, the results presented that there was only a marginally significant duration effect
on boundary position of the categorical perception of Tone 1 and Tone 4, which means that duration only played a limited role in tone perception.