社区口译中的场域、惯习和资本——口译研究的社会学视角

本文运用法国社会学家布迪厄的场域、惯习和资本概念分析社区口译中的权力关系和意义共建社区口译并非简单孤立的语言转换行为，而是发生在一定历史、社会和文化语境下的机构内活动在这个"不确定地带"，活动参与各方（即行动者）之间处于一种复杂的权力关系网络，受到机构的控制和外界社会的影响他们带着各自的惯习，利用和争夺各种资本，在目前尚不具有自治地位的口译场域内通过对意义进行不断协调和共建，最终实现对社会秩序的改变或重塑。在参与各方施展权力、达成各自交际目的过程中，译员起着十分重要的作用。

Borrowing French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of field, habitus and capital, this article analyzes the power relation informing community interpreting and the co-construction of meaning constitutive of this particular genre. Community interpreting is not a simple, isolated language phenomenon. Rather, it is a communicative event taking place within certain historical, social, cultural and institutional contexts. In this zone of uncertainty, the three parties/agents involved are embedded in a complicated network of power relations, controlled by the institutions concerned and significantly influenced in the final analysis by the external world. Out of their respective habitus and sustained by the capital each possesses, the agents in question participate in coordinating and co-constructing meaning in the not yet fully self-contained field of interpreting and contribute together to the reshaping of the social order. In such an event, the interpreter has a key role to play in a collective exercise of power and in the attainment of event-specific communication objectives.