形狀量詞分佈的跨方言比較——兼論粵方言形狀量詞的類型特點

本文采取語義參數和語義地圖模型結合的方法，研究漢語方言的形狀量詞與名詞的搭配規律。在對19 種漢語方言進行調查的基礎上，對形狀量詞（顆粒、平面和條形）在漢語方言中的分佈格局進行了比較，發現形狀量詞呈現出“核心– 擴散”的跨方言分佈模式和系統的南北差異，最後以此爲背景簡論粵方言形狀量詞的系統特點。

This article compares the distribution of shape classifiers (namely, the collocations between shape classifiers and nouns) across Chinese dialects by combining the methods of semantic features analysis and the Semantic Maps Model. Based on the data drawn from 19 dialects, this study shows that the distribution of shape classifiers (including three main types: round, flat and long) reveals a continuum across different dialects, which I called the “central-extended” distributional pattern. From north to south, generally, the range of nouns (things) that a shape classifier can collocate with in a dialect tends to become larger. Based on this pattern, I briefly discuss the characteristics of the shape classifiers system in Yue dialects comparing to that in other dialects.