廣東肇慶粵方言句末助詞 “咯 [lɔk3]” 的時體意義和語氣功能

本文詳細描寫廣東肇慶粵方言對應於普通話“了 2”的句末助詞“咯 [lɔk3]”的時體意義和語氣用法。“咯”的核心時體意義可概括為“表示事態變化”，它不能表達普通話“了 2”的“單獨的過去事件”的意義。“咯”有多種表達語氣的用法，如可與表確定語氣的助詞“個”共現表達說話人的判斷或認識。“咯”與普通話“了 2”在多種語氣功能上構成不完全對應的關係。時體助詞“咯 1”和語氣助詞“咯 2”分別對應於表“時間”和“感情”的助詞類別。

This article describes the aspectual meanings and the mood usages of the sentence final particle [lɔk3] in the Yue dialect spoken in Zhaoqing, Guangdong. The core aspectual meaning of [lɔk3] can be generalized as ‘denoting change of state’. It cannot denote the meaning of ‘isolated past event’ of le in Mandarin. [lɔk3] can also be used to express meanings regarding moods or forces, such as expressing the speaker’s judgments or epistemic attitudes with the company of another particle [ko33]. There are quite a few cases where the force usages of le in Mandarin are not equivalent to that of [lɔk3] (and vice versa). Based on its syntactic distribution, this article suggests that the tense-aspect particle [lɔk3] belongs to the categories denoting ‘time’ while the mood-force particle [lɔk3] belongs to the categories denoting ‘emotion’.